Paediatric Ultrasound

Is Ultrasound safe in children & newborns?

We use the same type of ultrasound equipment that is used during pregnancy, it is proven to be safe and painless. Ultrasound produces pictures of the inside of the body using sound waves. We use a small probe called a transducer and gel placed directly on the skin, it usually feels cold. High-frequency sound waves are bounced from the probe through the gel into the body and back. A computer uses those sound waves to create a picture. There is no radiation.

Which conditions can be investigated with ultrasound?

Ultrasound is usually the first form of imaging in children because it allows us to get close-up pictures of small structures, it does not need any sedation and has no side-effects.

• Brain: In infants, the brain can be seen with ultrasound through the anterior fontanelle (soft spot at the top of the head). This can only be done up till the age of approximately 1 year, when the soft spot closes.
• Spine: This is a very common test, used to exclude problems with the formation of the spine (spina bifida occulta) and make sure a dimple in the middle of the back-side does not communicate with the spine.
• Neck: Some abnormalities may be present from birth like cysts, others may develop with age such as lymph nodes (swollen glands). Thyroid problems are also best tested with ultrasound in the first instance.
• Lumps: Any lump or bump that can be felt under the skin, anywhere in the body, is usually first tested with ultrasound to decide whether it is in the tissues under the skin, in the muscle or arising from the bone. Depending on the ultrasound findings, further tests may be recommended.
• Abdomen & Pelvis: Same as at any age, with the addition of testing for conditions such as pyloric stenosis (a cause for strong vomiting in babies), constipation, appendicitis, twisting of the ovaries and lymph gland swelling inside the abdomen.
• Hips: Limping is the most common presentation of a hip problem in children - most hip problems will cause an accumulation of fluid in the joint (effusion), this can be seen with ultrasound, confirming the source of limping to be from the hip and guide specialist investigations.
• Joints: Swelling of joints may occur at a young age, ultrasound helps identify arthritis by showing abnormal fluid and increased blood flow in the lining of the joints.

How can I be sure this is the best test for my child?

It is recommended to check with your paediatrician whether an ultrasound, or any other test is indicated for your child's problem. Your paediatrician is also the best specialist to tell you what treatment and follow up is needed depending on the test findings. Your radiologist will inform you of the findings of the scan immediately, but will also send a copy of your results to your paediatrician to allow them to prepare a course of action.